Endocrine Abstracts

Iodine deficiency (ID) is a public health problem and has considerable consequences other than endemic goiter, known as iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). Neonatal hypothyroidism, growth retardation, and cretenism are the results of severe ID. Neuronal migration and myelination of fetal brain requires iodine. Thus, insufficient iodine intake during pregnancy may cause permanent fetal brain damage. ID in prenatal period and early childhood has unfavorable effects on cerebral de...

Thyroid nodules are common in the population. Ultrasound would detect nodules, in about 25% of the adult and half of the elderly population(>60 years). Only 5% of these nodules are malignant, and 60–70% of the detected benign nodules, remains similar or decrease in size during the long term follow-up. Few nodules, i.e >1.3 cm, would function autonomously and cause thyrotoxicosis. Rarely, large single nodules or multinodulated glands could cause compressive symptom...

Riedel thyroiditis (RT) is a rare kind of chronic thyroiditis which may be a part of a multifocal systemic fibrosis syndrome. When it is generally accepted as a thyroid manifestation of IgG4 related systemic disease. We hereby present a 54 year old woman who was suffering from shortness of breath because of a mass lesion originating from thyroid and invading neck and upper mediastinal structures, leading to dyspnea and dysphagia, as shown by CT, 15 years ago. After an isthmect...

Due to inhibition affect on proliferation, motility, resistance to apoptosis and growth of metastasis, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor erlotinib and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGF) and EGFR inhibitor vandetanib are viable treatment options for treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer and thyroid cancer respectively. Advanced non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) or medullary and differentiated thyroid carcinomas (MTC and DTC) m...

Introduction: Bilateral adrenal mass presents a unique diagnostic challenge and carries additional risk of being metastasis. The differential diagnosis of bilateral adrenal mass include primary or secondary neoplastic disorders (adrenocortical carcinoma, lymphoma, metastases), pheochromocytoma, longstanding congenital adrenal hyperplasia and macronodular adrenal hyperplasia, infections such as tuberculosis, histoplasmosis and blastomycosis.Case: Thirty-f...

Objective: Thyroid hemiagenesis is a rare form of thyroid dysgenesis, in which one thyroid lobe fails to develop. The true prevalence of this rare abnormality is about 0.05–0.2% in normal population. We aimed to determine prevalence of thyroid hemiagenesis in patients with various thyroid disorders and a normal population in a mild to moderate iodine-deficient area.Subjects and methods: The clinical and thyroid ultrasonography records of 4.833 patie...

Riedel thyroiditis (RT) is a rarest form of thyroiditis, and characterized by dense fibrosis of the throid gland and infiltration into surrounding tissues. RT generally presents with local symptoms association with compression and also fibrotic process can impact thyroid and parathyroid functions. We report a case with RT which presents with compression findings and also hypoparathyroidism and hypothyroidism. 30 year old women visited our outpatient clinic with a complaint of ...

Atypical tumors were identified in 15% of pituitary adenomas, and they tended to be aggressive, invasive macroadenomas. WHO classification of atypical pituitary adenomas include; Ki-67 proliferative index >3%, excessive p53 immunoreactivity, and ≥ 2 mitotic figures per 10 high-powered fields. Pituitary carcinomas are extremely rare tumors with cerebrospinal or extracranial metastasis.Case: A 31 years old man with symptoms of stuffy nose and sno...

Introduction: It has been shown with many studies that sulphonylureas may have a negative effect on parameters of insulin resistance while improving glucose regulation. However not all of the sulphonylureas have the same effect. This analysis assessed the different effects of sulphonylureas on some metabolic parameters of insulin resistance.Method: Newly diagnosed 25 T2DM individuals who were naive of oral antidiabetic therapy were recruited and randomiz...

Introduction: Minimally invasive surgery is an alternative surgical approach for primary hyperparathyroidism with less surgical trauma and anesthesia complications. Neck ultrasonography and scintigraphy are still the first step tools for localisating parathyroid lesions. Intact parathyroid hormone (PH) determination in washout samples is really very useful when parathyroid lesions can not be easily distinguished from thyroid lesions or sometimes lymph nodes.<p class="abste...